Which symptoms indicate an adverse reaction to beta-agonists?

Beta-agonists are medications commonly used in respiratory therapy to relax bronchial smooth muscle and open airways in conditions like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, their use can lead to several adverse reactions, particularly due to their action on beta-adrenergic receptors located throughout the body.

Increased heart rate, tremors, and palpitations are classic symptoms of an adverse reaction to beta-agonists. These drugs can stimulate beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart, leading to increased heart rate (tachycardia) and palpitations. Moreover, beta-2 agonists can cause skeletal muscle tremors due to the stimulation of receptors in muscle tissue. This combination of symptoms often indicates that the patient is experiencing side effects from the medication rather than therapeutic benefits.

Alternate choices do not accurately align with the typical profile of adverse reactions associated with beta-agonists. For instance, a decreased heart rate is contrary to the expected response, and while symptoms like dry mouth and insomnia may occur, they are less common compared to the more acute cardiovascular and muscular effects. Nasal congestion and wheezing can be indicative of other respiratory issues rather than direct adverse reactions to beta-agonists.

Understanding these