Which side effect of Beta-2 Agonists is related to cardiovascular changes?

The side effect of Beta-2 Agonists that relates to cardiovascular changes is tachycardia. Beta-2 Agonists stimulate beta-2 adrenergic receptors primarily in the bronchial smooth muscle, leading to bronchodilation, which is their intended therapeutic effect in treating conditions like asthma or COPD. However, these agents can also have systemic effects, especially at higher doses or with non-selective agents.

When beta-2 agonists are released, they can stimulate beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart, which can increase heart rate. This is because activation of beta-1 receptors promotes increased cardiac output and heart rate, leading to tachycardia. Therefore, this cardiovascular change is a common and important side effect to monitor in patients receiving beta-2 agonist therapy, particularly if they have pre-existing cardiac conditions.

Other options present side effects that do not directly relate to cardiovascular changes. Increased respiratory rate may occur due to improved breathing but is not directly caused by beta-2 agonist action on the cardiovascular system. Elevated blood sugar could be attributed to the metabolic effects of certain medications but is not a direct cardiovascular change. Decreased heart rate would be contrary to what is observed with beta-2 agonist use,