Which of the following is a potential side effect of Nitric Oxide?

Nitric oxide is a vasodilator often used in respiratory therapy, particularly for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension and for improving oxygenation in certain clinical conditions. One of the potential side effects associated with the therapeutic use of nitric oxide is the formation of methemoglobin (also referred to as methomyoglobin). This condition occurs when hemoglobin is oxidized, resulting in a decreased ability to carry oxygen.

The formation of methemoglobin can lead to symptoms such as cyanosis and can affect oxygen delivery throughout the body. In clinical settings, monitoring levels of methemoglobin is essential when administering nitric oxide, particularly during prolonged use. The occurrence of this side effect necessitates careful management and monitoring to ensure patient safety.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately represent common side effects associated with nitric oxide therapy. Increased lung capacity is not a direct effect, headaches may occur but are less definitive, and decreased heart rate is not a recognized side effect of nitric oxide administration. Therefore, the formation of methemoglobin stands out as a notable and clinically significant side effect of nitric oxide therapy.