Which of the following is a side effect of all surfactants?

Bradycardia is recognized as a potential side effect of all surfactants due to their impact on the cardiopulmonary system. Surfactants are administered primarily to manage conditions like respiratory distress syndrome in neonates, where their role is to reduce surface tension in the alveoli, promoting better lung function and oxygenation. The introduction of exogenous surfactants can influence cardiovascular responses, sometimes leading to a decrease in heart rate, or bradycardia. This response may be due to a combination of the drug effects, changes in lung mechanics, and altered gas exchange that surfactants facilitate.

Hyperventilation is generally not a side effect associated with surfactant use. Instead, surfactants may actually stabilize the alveoli and lead to more efficient gas exchange. Dry cough is not a common direct effect of surfactants, although respiratory treatments can lead to cough due to irritation. Nausea can sometimes occur but is not as universally recognized across all surfactant preparations as bradycardia. Thus, bradycardia stands out as a more consistent and documented side effect across various surfactant agents.