Which medication class is often used to prevent asthma attacks?

Inhaled corticosteroids are an essential medication class used to prevent asthma attacks. They work primarily by reducing inflammation in the airways, which is a significant component of asthma. Chronic inflammation leads to increased airway hyperreactivity, which can trigger asthma symptoms. By consistently using inhaled corticosteroids, patients can decrease airway swelling, mucus production, and overall hyperreactivity, thereby reducing both the frequency and severity of asthma attacks.

These medications differ from bronchodilators, which are primarily used for quick relief during an asthma episode by relaxing the muscles around the airways to facilitate easier breathing. Antihistamines are more effective for allergic reactions rather than asthma management, and systemic corticosteroids are used in more severe cases or exacerbations rather than as a long-term preventive solution. Therefore, inhaled corticosteroids remain the cornerstone for long-term control in asthma management, focusing on maintaining patients' respiratory health and preventing acute episodes.