What type of asthma treatment can lead to significant side effects if overused?

Short-acting beta-agonists are medications that provide quick relief from asthma symptoms by relaxing the muscles around the airways. They are commonly used for immediate relief of acute asthma attacks and are essential in an asthma management plan. However, if these medications are overused, they can lead to significant side effects.

Overreliance on short-acting beta-agonists may result in worsening asthma control and increased symptoms, as these drugs address symptoms but do not control underlying inflammation. Additionally, excessive use can lead to cardiovascular issues, including increased heart rate and arrhythmias, muscle tremors, and hypokalemia (low potassium levels). These side effects can be particularly concerning for patients who may have pre-existing conditions.

In contrast, the other treatment options—leukotriene inhibitors, long-acting anticholinergics, and inhaled corticosteroids—are generally used for long-term management of asthma and carry different side effect profiles. Leukotriene inhibitors and inhaled corticosteroids are typically associated with fewer acute risks if used as prescribed. Long-acting anticholinergics also have a different mechanism of action and are not as prone to causing immediate, acute side effects from overuse compared to short-acting beta-agonists.