What therapeutic class does dexamethasone belong to?

Dexamethasone belongs to the therapeutic class of corticosteroids, which are a group of steroid hormones produced in the adrenal cortex. These medications are used primarily for their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Dexamethasone works by mimicking the natural anti-inflammatory hormones released by the adrenal glands, helping to reduce swelling, redness, and pain associated with various conditions, such as asthma, allergies, and certain autoimmune disorders.

The action of corticosteroids like dexamethasone also includes the modulation of the immune response, which makes them effective in treating diseases where the immune system is overly active, such as in autoimmune diseases or severe allergic reactions. They are also important in the management of severe respiratory conditions, where reducing inflammation is key to improving airflow and alleviating symptoms.

In contrast, beta-agonists are typically used as bronchodilators for asthma or COPD, antibiotics target bacterial infections, and leukotriene modifiers help reduce inflammation and bronchoconstriction related to allergic reactions and asthma. Each of these classes works through different mechanisms and is indicated for specific types of conditions, reinforcing the unique role that corticosteroids like dexamethasone play in therapeutic scenarios.