What should be monitored in infant patients on mechanical ventilation receiving surfactant?

Monitoring for overventilation in infant patients receiving surfactant while on mechanical ventilation is crucial because surfactant therapy can alter the dynamics of lung mechanics. When surfactant is administered, it reduces surface tension in the alveoli, allowing for improved lung compliance and gas exchange. However, with enhanced compliance, there is a risk of increased ventilatory efficiency, which may lead to overventilation if the ventilator settings are not properly adjusted.

Overventilation can lead to respiratory alkalosis due to excessive carbon dioxide (CO2) elimination. This condition may manifest as decreased respiratory drive, potential barotrauma, or can negatively impact hemodynamics due to changes in intrathoracic pressure. Hence, closely monitoring for signs of overventilation becomes important to ensure that the infant is receiving appropriate ventilation without venturing into zones that could compromise their respiratory status or overall well-being.

Understanding the dynamics of mechanical ventilation and surfactant therapy, along with vigilant monitoring for the potential consequences of these interventions, is vital for optimizing patient outcomes in this vulnerable population.