What is a possible risk when monitoring newborns given surfactant?

The correct identification of the risk associated with monitoring newborns given surfactant relates to overventilation or barotrauma. Surfactant therapy is often administered to preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) to reduce surface tension in the alveoli and improve lung function. While delivering surfactant can be life-saving, it also requires careful monitoring and management of ventilation.

In the context of surfactant administration, overventilation can occur if there is an increase in lung volume as the surfactant works effectively, allowing alveoli to open where they were previously collapsed. This can lead to excessive pressure being applied to the lungs, increasing the risk of barotrauma, which is damage to the lung tissue caused by over-distension. This risk highlights the delicate balance needed in ventilatory support for newborns receiving surfactant treatment, necessitating close monitoring of airway pressures and ventilatory settings.

Understanding the mechanics of surfactant and its impact on lung function is crucial for respiratory therapists to prevent complications and ensure optimal patient care.