What effect do xanthine derivatives have on the airways?

Xanthine derivatives are a class of bronchodilators that primarily work by relaxing the smooth muscles of the airways. This relaxation leads to airway dilation, which is crucial for improving airflow and alleviating symptoms of respiratory conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). By increasing the diameter of the air passages, xanthine derivatives help facilitate easier breathing for patients experiencing bronchoconstriction.

Additionally, xanthines may also have some anti-inflammatory effects, though their primary mechanism is to promote dilation of the airways by blocking certain receptors and inhibiting phosphodiesterase, an enzyme that breaks down cyclic AMP. Elevated levels of cyclic AMP contribute to muscle relaxation in the bronchial tissues, further supporting the role of xanthine derivatives in enhancing respiratory function.