How do xanthine derivatives function in respiratory therapy?

Xanthine derivatives are primarily used in respiratory therapy as bronchodilators. They function by inhibiting phosphodiesterase, which leads to an increase in intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels. The elevated cAMP promotes relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle, resulting in dilated airways, which is essential for improving airflow in conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

In addition to their bronchodilatory effects, xanthines can also enhance respiratory muscle function and have mild anti-inflammatory effects, contributing to their utility in managing respiratory conditions. Their mechanism of action is centered around the improvement of bronchial patency and overall respiratory mechanics, making them a vital component in providing symptomatic relief for patients experiencing bronchospasm.